The Orange bear with a Primrose 小櫻棕熊

(一) 分詞構句

◎分詞構句的由來:

兩個句子原本以連接詞連接，為了簡化這兩個句子，使其更為簡潔，所以產生”分詞構句”這種句型。

 ◎分詞構句怎麼寫?

-Step 1:把連接詞省略，其中一個動詞改成分詞。

-Step 2:分詞又分兩種，主動用Ving；被動用P.P.

 中文舉例: 大家說到台灣小吃時，大家都會想到臭豆腐。

分詞構句寫成: 說到台灣的小吃，大家都會想到臭豆腐。

(在中文裡，其實我們早已不知不覺地省略了第一個主詞，

這樣說起來是不是更順了呢?)

英文舉例: When most people (S₁) talk about movies, they (S₂) think of big explosions.

分詞構句寫成:

結果(1) When   talking about movies, most people think of   big explosions.
結果(2)     Talking about movies, most people think of   big explosions.

因為人類是懶惰的，使用語言時也希望用比較少的句子或字，來表達一樣的意思，所以語言中產生了分詞構句的語法。

(二) 獨立分詞構句

和分詞構句不同的是，

1.分詞構句的兩個原句中，兩個主詞是相同的，所以有一個可以省略。

2. 獨立分詞構句的兩個原句中，兩個主詞是不同的，所以不一定可以省略。

◎何時不可省略?

當明確知道兩句主詞不同時，就不可以省略。

不可省略的範例:

1. It being Sunday, the school was closed.

    (原句: Because it was Sunday, the school was closed.)

     2. There being no telephone, we had to write letters to our family.

    (原句: Because there was no telephone, we had to write letters to our family.)

以上兩句，都明確知道兩句的主詞不同，所以不能省略，只能把連接詞省略，其中一個動詞改成分詞。

◎何時可以省略?

當明確知道兩句主詞不同時，其中又有一個主詞是”不特定的人”，

那”不特定的那一個”就可以省略。

可以省略的範例:

1. Frankly speaking, I think this work is difficult.

坦白說，我覺得這份工作很艱難。

2. Speaking of the weather, do you bring umbrella today?

       說到天氣，你今天有帶傘嗎?

第一個主詞是”不特定的人”，因為特別提出主詞並不具意義，

所以”不特定的主詞”就可以省略。

◎可以省略的例子:

Considering…(若考慮…的話…)

Judging from…(從…來看)

Speaking of… (說到…)

(以下所有Speaking”說起來家族”都是)

Frankly speaking…(坦白說起來…)

Generally speaking…(一般說起來…)

Strictly speaking…(嚴格說起來…)

Talking of…(說到…)

(三) 試試看:

◎請改寫成分詞構句:

1. Joe was waiting for Lily. /Joe was reading a book.

2. My sister is cleaning the room. / She is singing a song.

3. Some students are walking down the road. / They are talking to each other.

4. Mary walked along the beach. / She found some beautiful shells.

◎請改寫成分詞構句:

   5. David was attracted by Jill. / He bought a flower for her.

   6. The island is seen from the plane. / The island looks like a ship.

   7. The little girl was bitten by a dog. / She was crying.

   8. When the soldiers are threatened, they will fire without warning.

這一大題是被動的練習，你發現了嗎?表示被動時，分詞要用PP喔!!

有沒有發現，分詞構句有時會代表了因果關係，或是時間發生順序。

例如:

David因為受到Jill的吸引，所以才買花送她；

David 也先受到Jill的吸引，後來才買花送她。

◎請改寫成獨立分詞構句:

9. Because it was rainy, the picnic was canceled.

10. There were no televisions, children played with their neighbors more often.

(四)答案輯:

1. Joe was waiting for Lily reading a book.

   把主要的動詞留下，次要的動詞改成分詞

2. My sister is cleaning the room singing a song.

3. Some students are walking down the road talking to each other.

4. Walking along the beach, Mary found some beautiful shells.

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5. Attracted by Jill, David bought a flower for her.

6. Seen from the plane, the island looks like a ship.

7. Bitten by a dog, the little girl was crying.

8. 結果(1) When threatened, the soldiers will fire without warning.  結果(2) Threatened, the soldiers will fire without warning.

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9. It being rainy, the picnic was canceled.

10. There being no televisions, children played with their neighbors more often.

部份舉例節錄自:

1. 內湖高中英語學習平台(http://english.nhsh.tp.edu.tw/p21-12.htm)；
2. 朗文新英文文法全集

若有不當使用可告知必刪。